At this workshop, it was proposed that the spacecraft contain 12 low-energy and 7 high-energy X-ray telescopes. That same year, several working groups were established to determine the feasibility of such a mission, and mission objectives were presented at a workshop in Denmark in June 1985. The XMM mission was formally proposed to the ESA Science Programme Committee in 1984 and gained approval from the Agency's Council of Ministers in January 1985. In 1982, even before the launch of XMM-Newton 's predecessor EXOSAT in 1983, a proposal was generated for a "multi-mirror" X-ray telescope mission. The observational scope of XMM-Newton includes the detection of X-ray emissions from astronomical objects, detailed studies of star-forming regions, investigation of the formation and evolution of galaxy clusters, the environment of supermassive black holes and mapping of the mysterious dark matter. XMM-Newton is similar to NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, also launched in 1999.Īs of May 2018, close to 5,600 papers have been published about either XMM-Newton or the scientific results it has returned. ESA plans to succeed XMM-Newton with the Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (ATHENA), the second large mission in the Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 plan, to be launched in 2035. Initially funded for two years, with a ten-year design life, the spacecraft remains in good health and has received repeated mission extensions, most recently in March 2023 and is scheduled to operate until the end of 2026. Named after physicist and astronomer Sir Isaac Newton, the spacecraft is tasked with investigating interstellar X-ray sources, performing narrow- and broad-range spectroscopy, and performing the first simultaneous imaging of objects in both X-ray and optical ( visible and ultraviolet) wavelengths. It is the second cornerstone mission of ESA's Horizon 2000 programme. XMM-Newton, also known as the High Throughput X-ray Spectroscopy Mission and the X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission, is an X-ray space observatory launched by the European Space Agency in December 1999 on an Ariane 5 rocket. High Throughput X-ray Spectroscopy Missionĭornier Satellitensysteme, Carl Zeiss, Media Lario, Matra Marconi Space, BPD Difesa e Spazio, Fokker Space ġ0 December 1999, 14:32 ( UTC14:32) UTC Īnimation of XMM-Newton 's trajectory around Earth Artist's impression of the XMM-Newton spacecraft
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